摘要 :
Sources of high charge state positive ions have uses in a variety of research fields. For heavy ion particle accelerators higher charge state particles give greater acceleration per gap and greater bending strength in a magnet. Th...
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Sources of high charge state positive ions have uses in a variety of research fields. For heavy ion particle accelerators higher charge state particles give greater acceleration per gap and greater bending strength in a magnet. Thus higher energies can be obtained from circular accelerators of a given size, and linear accelerators can be designed with higher energy gain per length using higher charge state ions. In atomic physics the many atomic transitions in highly charged ions supplies a wealth of spectroscopy data. High charge state ion beams are also used for charge exchange and crossed beam experiments. High charge state ion sources are reviewed. (ERA citation 08:050153)
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This paper describes the principles, performance and future prospects of ion sources used for cyclotrons. Sources discussed include the filament, PIG, ECR, and EBIS sources. 56 references. (ERA citation 07:019253)
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Recent advances in design and operation of the internal PIG sources at the LBL 88-Inch Cyclotron have led to the development of high charge state (0.4
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The performance of the recently upgraded ATLAS 10.5 GHz ECR ion source (ECR 1) has continued to improve with a factor of 12 increase in the intensity of high charge state ions (O7+, Ne9+, Ni16+, Kr17+) and greater source stability...
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The performance of the recently upgraded ATLAS 10.5 GHz ECR ion source (ECR 1) has continued to improve with a factor of 12 increase in the intensity of high charge state ions (O7+, Ne9+, Ni16+, Kr17+) and greater source stability. Use of the sputter technique with a natural nickel sample has produced a 58Ni17+ beam with an intensity of 16.0 e(micro)A The solenoid power supplies are presently running at their maximum rated output and replacement of these supplies is planned to further increase the axial magnetic field. The MIVOC method has been employed at the 14 GHz ECR ion source (ECR 2) to produce a 56Fe15+ beam with a peak performance of 25.0 e(micro)A Efficiency into the 15+ charge state has been measured at 0.47%. A high temperature oven was used to produce a 50Ti12+ beam with an intensity of 6.9 e(micro)A 238U37+ beam with an intensity of 3.0 emA was produced using the sputter technique. Use of a second frequency has been restored with a 50-100% increase over single frequency operation in the intensities of the medium charge states and a factor of 2 to 5 increase in the higher charge states.
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The ORNL Negative Ion Program is interested in developing small-scale or bench type experiments which are inexpensive and are designed to test principles involved in negative ion plasma generator development. The following four id...
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The ORNL Negative Ion Program is interested in developing small-scale or bench type experiments which are inexpensive and are designed to test principles involved in negative ion plasma generator development. The following four ideas are being considered: (1) H exp - production from H exp + ions in a modified duoPIGatron; (2) double charge exchange production of H exp - ions utilizing the double sheath of a duoPIGatron; (3) surface generation of negative ions from thermally dissociated hydrogen gas; (4) calutron or Penning discharge. (ERA citation 03:042033)
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摘要 :
Multimegawatt neutral beams of hydrogen or deuterium atoms are needed for fusion machine applications such as MFTB-B, TFTR-U, DIII-U, and FED (INTOR or ETR). For these applications, a duoPIGatron ion source is being developed to p...
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Multimegawatt neutral beams of hydrogen or deuterium atoms are needed for fusion machine applications such as MFTB-B, TFTR-U, DIII-U, and FED (INTOR or ETR). For these applications, a duoPIGatron ion source is being developed to produce high-brightness deuterium beams at a beam energy of approx. 120 keV for pulse lengths up to 30 s. A long-pulse plasma generator with active water cooling has been operated at an arc level of 1200 A with 30-s pulse durations. The plasma density and uniformity are sufficient for supplying a 60-A beam of hydrogen ions to a 13- by 43-cm accelerator. A 10- by 25-cm tetrode accelerator has been operated to form 120-keV hydrogen ion beams. Using the two-dimensional (2-D) ion extraction code developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), a 13- by 43-cm tetrode accelerator has been designed and is being fabricated. The aperture shapes of accelerator grids are optimized for 120-keV beam energy. (ERA citation 08:032823)
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摘要 :
Multimegawatt neutral beams of hydrogen or deuterium atoms are needed for fusion machine applications such as MFTB-B, TFTR-U, DIII-U, and FED (INTOR or ETR). For these applications, a duoPIGatron ion source is being developed to p...
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Multimegawatt neutral beams of hydrogen or deuterium atoms are needed for fusion machine applications such as MFTB-B, TFTR-U, DIII-U, and FED (INTOR or ETR). For these applications, a duoPIGatron ion source is being developed to produce high-brightness deuterium beams at a beam energy of approx. 120 keV for pulse lengths up to 30 s. A long-pulse plasma generator with active water cooling has been operated at an arc level of 1200 A with 30-s pulse durations. The plasma density and uniformity are sufficient for supplying a 60-A beam of hydrogen ions to a 13- by 43-cm accelerator. A 10- by 25-cm tetrode accelerator has been operated to form 120-keV hydrogen ion beams. Using the two-dimensional (2-D) ion extraction code developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), a 13- by 43-cm tetrode accelerator has been designed and is being fabricated. The aperture shapes of accelerator grids are optimized for 120-keV beam energy. (ERA citation 08:032823)
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The production of negative hydrogen ions is investigated in the reflex-type negative ion source. The extracted negative hydrogen currents of 9.7 mA (100 mA/cm exp 2 ) for H exp - and of 4.1 mA(42 mA/cm exp 2 ) for D exp - are obta...
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The production of negative hydrogen ions is investigated in the reflex-type negative ion source. The extracted negative hydrogen currents of 9.7 mA (100 mA/cm exp 2 ) for H exp - and of 4.1 mA(42 mA/cm exp 2 ) for D exp - are obtained continuously. The impurity is less than 1%. An isotope effect of negative ion production is observed. (ERA citation 07:048830)
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Negative ion sources offer an attractive alternative in the design of high energy neutral beam injectors. The requirements call for a single source unit capable of yielding H exp - or D exp - beam currents of up to 10 A, operating...
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Negative ion sources offer an attractive alternative in the design of high energy neutral beam injectors. The requirements call for a single source unit capable of yielding H exp - or D exp - beam currents of up to 10 A, operating with pulses of 1 s duration or longer, with gas and power efficiencies comparable to or better than achievable with double electron capture systems. H exp - beam currents of up to 1 A have already been achieved in pulses of 10 ms; gas and power efficiencies were, however, lower than required. In order to increase the H exp - yield, extend the pulse length and improve gas and power efficiencies fundamental processes in the source plasma and on cesium covered electrode surfaces have to be analyzed; these processes will be briefly reviewed and scaling rules established. Based on these considerations as well as on results obtained with 1 A source models a larger model was designed and constructed, having a 7.5 cm long cathode with forced cooling. Results of initial tests will be presented and possible scaling up to 10 A units discussed. (ERA citation 03:022613)
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This paper gives an introduction into the topic of primary ion sources that canbe used to feed ions of normally solid elements into EBIS devices. Starting with a set of typical requirements for primary ion sources, some major type...
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This paper gives an introduction into the topic of primary ion sources that canbe used to feed ions of normally solid elements into EBIS devices. Starting with a set of typical requirements for primary ion sources, some major types of ion generators are discussed first, with emphasis on their working principles rather than trying to give a fully representative listing of used and proposed generators. Beam-transport issues between primary ion source and EBIS are then examined, and generic characteristics of suitable beam-formation and transport systems are explained.
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